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Polyurethane |
Polyurethane is a resilient and flexible polymer, which is also famous as a durable thermoplastic. It is very popular for its structural retaining property, which means it attains its original shape after constant deformation. It is highly recommended for casting and molding processes owing to the fact that it can be easily moulded into various shapes.
Production Process of Polyurethanes:
Polyurethanes are formed by mixing of two or more streamed liquids. These stream can be of catalysts, surfactants, blowing agents, and many more. This mixture is called a 'resin' or 'resin blend'.
The raw materials used in the fabrication of Polyurethane are isocyanates, polyols, chain extenders, cross linkers, flame retardants, blowing agents, pigments, fillers, catalysts and surfactants. The polyurethane can be developed in various densities and degrees of hardness by changing its ingredients or additives.
Advantages of Polyurethane:
- Abrasion Resistant
- Oil and Solvent Resistant
- Load Bearing Capacity
- Tear Resistant
- Weather Resistant
- Excellent Noise Abatement Properties
- Flex-Life
- Heat and Cold Resistant
Types of Polyurethane:
There are two types of Polyurethane, soft and hard; which are known as Elastomer & Thermoplastic:
- Elastomer: It has elastic properties and rigidity together. Thus is used for producing products like wheels of a dolly that must absorb shock without being compressed.
- Thermoplastic: It is rigid and smooth. Its sealed surface is impermeable to water. It finds application where strength and durability are required. These are difficult to recycle, but they can be reused.
Applications of Polyurethane Depending upon Types:
The Polyurethane formulations are composed of stiffness, hardness, and densities. Let us see what type of Polyurethane is used to serve which purpose:
- Low density flexible polyurethane foam is used in upholstery, bedding, and automotive and truck seating.
- Low density rigid polyurethane foam is used for thermal insulation and RTM cores.
- Soft solid elastomers form of polyurethane is used for gel pads and print rollers.
- Low density elastomers form of polyurethane is used in footwear.
- Hard solid plastics form of polyurethane is used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts.
- Flexible plastics form of polyurethane is used as straps and bands.
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